A service Provider offering a mobile service under its own brand without having a mobile radio network.

• Classic Service Provider: reseller of the GSM operator offers
• ESP: Enhanced Service Provider (Hybrid MVNO: Procures its own SIM cards and controls a few network elements)
• Full MVNO: owns everything (incl. HLR) except the radio network equipments

A service company delivering tools & services to companies wishing to market their services over a mobile network, and thus becoming MVNOs

• Those companies are referred to as “MVNO candidates”
• Marketing functions are handled by the MVNO candidate: brand, distribution channels, customer base
• The set-up, operation and evolution of the MVNO service is handled by the MVNE